Stack Overflow

About two weeks ago I have registered at stackoverflow.com

For a long time I considered it a nice place to find answers to questions already asked. But lately I found myself having questions... hence my decision to register, log in and start being part of the community.

And you know what... I like it.

So far the community is very nice and helpful and I am having fun in helping out others as well. So maybe every now and then I will write some more or less lengthy post here in order to answer or give examples to my answers over at stackoverflow.com. Of course I will add links to the according questions.

Installation of Ruby, Rails & Co. on Ubuntu

reqs: Ubuntu
tested version: 10.04

target: development environment with ruby 1.9.2-rc2 and rails3-rc1

Installation of a Ruby on Rails development environment has become way easier under Linux nowadays. There is this fantastic gem "rvm", which actually does nearly all the stuff necessary for a clean rails development environment.

Ok first thing to do after the installation of Ubuntu: open the terminal console, and using 'sudo'

we install some background software, which the system will need to do the actual installations.

apt-get -y install build-essential zlib1g-dev libssl-dev gzip zip unzip libzip1 libzip-dev git-core subversion curl bison vim libreadline5 openssl libreadline5-dev libxml2-dev libxslt-dev autoconf sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev sqliteman

Incase the following packages are not yet installed and if you want/need them (you might) try

apt-get -y install postgresql-8.4 libpq-dev pgadmin3 imagemagick mercurial tortoisehg tortoisehg-nautilus sun-java-jre6 openssh-server yakuake

Then type

exit

to leave the sudo mode and with your normal user account install rvm (you might want to re-check http://rvm.beginrescueend.com/rvm/install/ as they might change the install script every now and then)

bash < <( curl http://rvm.beginrescueend.com/releases/rvm-install-head )

At the end of the rvm installation you will get some explanations to modify your .bashrc. Follow these instructions (usually there shouldn't be any 'return' line (and if its a comment line)  in a fresh ubuntu install) and then type

echo "source \"\$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm\"" >> .bashrc

to add environment-loader to the end of your .bashrc file, as that line is crucial for running rvm.

Type

rvm reload

to reload the rvm environment and exit the terminal console.

Start a new terminal console.

After that is done you just

rvm install 1.9.2

which will load, compile and install ruby 1.9.2 from its source.

Then we have to tell our system, that we want to use 1.9.2 as default ruby

rvm 1.9.2 --default

and are ready to install rails3 (rc1 still is a pre-release so don't forget --pre)

gem install rails --pre

and there you go.

Nice and easy install of (as of now, might change soon again when ruby 1.9.2 or rails 3 go stable) Ruby 1.9.2rc2, rails 3 rc1.

Have fun developing your Ruby on Rails applications.

Install production server with Ruby 1.9.1 / Gem 1.3.6 / Rails 3b / Passenger

Environment: x86 32bit celeron mini tower, 4GB ram, big mirrored harddisk, ubuntu 9.10

This time I wrote a bash-script that, if used on an ubuntu (tested for 9.10) pc will install ruby, rubgems, rails, apache, passenger and necessesary dependencies for a naked (as in freshly installed ubuntu) pc. 

It needs to be run as root and will download all packages, sources as needed and compile/install them in order. As I usually work with sqlite3, postgresql and an oracle database I also included the required installations for those. Just make sure if you dont want to #-comment the oracle-installation, that it will need the actual instantclient-zipfiles and the tnsnames.ora-file located in /tmp. The script will then find these (tested for instantclient_11.x) and install them accordingly.

Enjoy!

#Ruby 1.9.1 / Gem 1.3.6 / Rails 3b / Passenger
#!/bin/bash
red='\E[31;40m'
green='\E[32;40m'
cecho ()                     # Color-echo.
                             # Argument $1 = message
                             # Argument $2 = color
{
local default_msg="No message passed."
                             # Doesn't really need to be a local variable.
message=${1:-$default_msg}   # Defaults to default message.
color=${2:-$white}           # Defaults to black, if not specified.
  echo -e "$color"
  echo "$message"
  tput sgr0                  # Reset to normal.
  return
}
##
## Installation Script for user 'root' on an Ubuntu system to install a ruby on rails production server
##
## This script can be used to automatically install all you need to deploy rails apps on a so far ruby-clean machine.
## Be careful tho, it is not yet thoroughly tested and may contain bugs which may result in unexpected problems.
##
## Still, I hope I got it all right and it would work effortlessly through the whole installation.
## You can of course copy/paste all commands to your console and execute them step by step. If you do so,
## don't forget to replace variables by their intended values.
##
##    if you work through it manually replace occurences of
##        $INSTANTCLIENTDIR
##        $RUBYVERSION
##        $GEMSVERSION
        RUBYVERSION=1.9.1-p376
        GEMSVERSION=1.3.6
##    with the right content
##
## double-##-ed are comments, unindented they start a new installation chapter
## single-#-ed lines usually need some adaptation
## non-#-ed lines usually are copy/pasteable
##
## if you want to use oracle, then please predownload the oracle-instantclient files
## and drop them at /tmp and put the tnsnames.ora file there before running this script
## else disable the oracle installation lines by putting a # infront of the according lines
##
## start installation
    cecho "goto homedirectory" $green
    ## switch to homedirectory
    cd
## make sure no ruby/ruby-remains are on your system
    cecho "uninstall ruby-remains if installed" $green
    apt-get -y remove ruby irb ri
    apt-get -y autoremove
## get the builing package
    cecho "install build-essentials and git-core" $green
    apt-get -y install build-essential zlib1g-dev libssl-dev gzip zip unzip libzip1 libzip-dev git git-core
## download latest ruby (in this case 1.9.1-p376, check www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads for latest)
    cecho "get Ruby v$RUBYVERSION" $green
    wget ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-$RUBYVERSION.tar.gz
## unarchive and compile ruby
    cecho "unarchive and compile ruby $RUBYVERSION" $green
    tar -xzf ruby-$RUBYVERSION.tar.gz
    cd ruby-$RUBYVERSION
    ./configure
    make
## install ruby
    cecho "install ruby $RUBYVERSION" $green
    make install
    cd
## download rubygems
    cecho "get rubygems $GEMSVERSION" $green
    wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/69366/rubygems-$GEMSVERSION.zip
    cecho "unarchive and install rubygems $GEMSVERSION" $green
    unzip rubygems-$GEMSVERSION.zip
    cd rubygems-$GEMSVERSION
    ruby setup.rb
    cd
## install rails
    cecho "install rails3b dependencies needed to be done manually for rails3 beta" $green
    gem install tzinfo builder memcache-client rack rack-test
    gem install erubis mail text-format bundler thor i18n
    gem install rack-mount --version=0.4.0
    cecho "install rails3 beta" $green
    gem install rails --pre
## make sure all databases are installed and ready
## install ruby support for sqlite3, postgres
    cecho "install ruby support for sqlite3 and postgresql" $green
    apt-get -y install sqlite3 postgresql-8.4 libpq-dev libsqlite3-dev
    gem install sqlite3-ruby pg
##
## start oracle addition ## here is whats needed to connect this rails to oracle
##
## comment all lines of this chapter if you don't want/need oracle support
##
    ## first install some untold dependencies for ruby-oci8
    apt-get -y install libaio1 libaio-dev
    ## prepare a directory to hold the instantclient
    mkdir /opt/oracle
    ## adapt the following subparagraph to your version/system architecture
    ## have the oracle instantclient files downloaded as .zip files to /tmp (basic, jdbc and sdk are needed)
    ## NOTE:    this script was written for Version 11.2 of the instantclient and might need
    ##             adaptations for different versions
   
    cecho "trying to find instantclient components looking in /tmp" $green
    ## find oracle-instantclient components
    PARTS=`ls /tmp | grep instantclient-`
    ## install oracle-instantclient components
    cd /opt/oracle
    for ORAFILE in $PARTS
    do
            PART=`echo $ORAFILE | cut -d'-' -f 2`
            ARCH=`echo $ORAFILE | cut -d'-' -f 3`
            VERSION=`echo $ORAFILE | cut -d'-' -f 4`
            VERSION=${VERSION%.zip}
        cecho "unzipping instantclient component $PART for $ARCH v$VERSION" $green
        unzip /tmp/$ORAFILE
    done
    ## define the instantclient directory name
    INSTANTCLIENTDIR=/opt/oracle/`ls /opt/oracle | grep instantclient_`
    mkdir $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/network
    mkdir $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/network/admin
   
    ## place tnsnames.ora, have it located at /tmp
    cecho "trying to find your tnsnames.ora looking in /tmp" $green
    cp /tmp/tnsnames.ora $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
    ## set env-vars to environment file for permanent existence after reboot/relogon
    cecho "set oracle environment variables" $green
    echo ORACLE_HOME=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR >> /etc/environment
    echo TNS_ADMIN=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR/network/admin >> /etc/environment
    echo SQLPATH=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR >> /etc/environment
    echo LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR >> /etc/environment
    ## GERMAN_GERMANY.UTF8 for my personal installation ... default would be US-ASCII, use what you need
    echo NLS_LANG=GERMAN_GERMANY.UTF8 >> /etc/environment
    ## set env-vars to actual session
    export ORACLE_HOME=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR
    export TNS_ADMIN=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR/network/admin
    export SQLPATH=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR
    export NLS_LANG=GERMAN_GERMANY.UTF8
    ## ubuntu only
        echo # configure oracle instantclient libraries > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf
        echo $INSTANTCLIENTDIR >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/oracle.conf
        ldconfig       
    ## set symbolic links
    cecho "add symlinks to oracle libs" $green
    ln -s $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/libclntsh.so.11.1 $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/libclntsh.so
    ln -s $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/libocci.so.11.1 $INSTANTCLIENTDIR/libocci.so
    ## install ruby support for oracle
    cecho "install ruby support for oracle" $green
    gem install activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter ruby-oci8
## end oracle addition ##
## prepare system to install passenger
    cecho "install dependencies for passenger" $green
    apt-get -y install apache2 apache2-prefork-dev libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev
## install passenger-gem
    cecho "install passenger gem" $green
    gem install passenger
## install passenger apache2-mod
    cecho "install passenger apache2-mod" $green
    passenger-install-apache2-module
## create passenger apache configuration
    ## ubuntu-specific (adapt to your needs)
    echo LoadModule passenger_module /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.11/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so > /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.load
    echo PassengerRoot /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.9.1/gems/passenger-2.2.11 > /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.conf
    echo PassengerRuby /usr/local/bin/passenger-ruby >> /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.conf
    a2enmod passenger
    apache2ctl restart
## adapt passenger-ruby wrapper
    cecho "create ruby wrapper for passenger" $green
    echo '#!/bin/sh' > /usr/local/bin/passenger-ruby
    echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$INSTANTCLIENTDIR' >> /usr/local/bin/passenger-ruby
    echo 'export NLS_LANG=GERMAN_GERMANY.UTF8' >> /usr/local/bin/passenger-ruby
    echo 'exec "/usr/local/bin/ruby" "$@"' >> /usr/local/bin/passenger-ruby
## deploy your rails-apps
    ## create a new user 'rails'
    cecho "create new user for rails deployment" $green
    useradd -m -s /bin/bash -r rails
    ## dont forget to 'passwd rails' afterwards if you want the account to be ssh-able
    ## create app and apphook-directories
    cecho "create application deployment directories /apps and /hooks in /home/rails" $green
    mkdir /home/rails/apps
    mkdir /home/rails/hooks
    ##     create apache site setup
    echo "## generated by IGambins (igambin@brilliant.de) install-script for a ruby production environment" > /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    echo '' >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    echo '  ServerName tools' >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    echo '  DocumentRoot /home/rails/hooks' >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    ## in the following line replace app1...app3 by the app-names to be published
    ## don't forget to place the applications into the corresponding directories
    for RAILSAPP in hwmng
    do
        mkdir /home/rails/apps/$RAILSAPP
        mkdir /home/rails/apps/$RAILSAPP/public
         ln -s /home/rails/apps/$RAILSAPP/public /home/rails/hooks/$RAILSAPP
        echo "  RailsBaseURI /$RAILSAPP" >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
     done
    echo '  ' >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    echo '    AllowOverride all' >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    echo '    Options -MultiViews' >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    echo '  ' >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    echo '' >> /etc/apache2/sites-available/deployRails
    ## enable apache site setup
    cecho "enable newly configured apache2-configuration 'deployRails'" $green
    a2ensite deployRails
    ## restart apache
    cecho "restart apache2" $green
    /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Sources:

• http://www.rubyonrails.org
  rails in general

• http://oscardelben.com/install-rails-3
  rails3 installation on ubuntu

• http://http://www.modrails.com/
  good old passenger

Install Ruby on Rails, Gem and Passenger on Apache on Ubuntu Karmic

Hi,

I wanted to install ruby on rails on my laptop for development purposes. So after finding several resources (see 'chapter IX') I combined what I had to get my system up and running.

In the meantime I played around with RVM though and to purely develop RoR apps I would not use anything else than the RVM approach so far. I will add a new article about the RVM install as soon as possible, but that even is so straight forward, that you could easily follow the installation procedures from the rvm and the rails 3 sites.

Well now to this article and my environment for which I wrote it:
This howto is written for my laptop at work. Its a Dell Latitude D830 Laptop, running a default Ubuntu Karmic Koala (9.10) (Locales set to GERMAN/GERMANY).My workflow basically looks like:

• work on the code and apply changes/enhancements
• commit/push the changes to a Mercurial Repository
• test the changes locally
• push the changes to the deployment environment, which automatically migrates and updates itself (I will address this topic in my next howto)
• enjoy the updated production environment

So here is what I usually do to setup my development envionment. Be aware that these instructions will probably only work in an environment like the one I wrote this Howto for. So if you use another Linux, you might have to do things differently, like use different installers, have a different approach to configure apache, etc... Feel free to adapt this howto to your environment and add a comment stating what you had to do differently on your system (including a system description of course).


I. Install RUBY

First thing to do before I install new things is to update my system, so there we go

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

In case you get warnings about your locale, just set em right in accordance to your needs, I didn't have any trouble. But if you wanted to set your environment to US english you'd do it like this:

sudo locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
sudo /usr/sbin/update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

Now, before we are going to install ruby, think about which database you will be going to use for your Ruby-Application. I usually like postgresql or if its for local apps i'd vote for sqlite3. But you might also be fond of or used to MySql. So here are 2 options for the default ruby installation including everything (apt-point of view) you need to connect to your favourite database. So either go

with a MySql co-installation 

sudo apt-get install ruby ri rdoc mysql-server libmysql-ruby ruby1.8-dev irb1.8 libdbd-mysql-perl libdbi-perl libmysql-ruby1.8 libmysqlclient15off libnet-daemon-perl libplrpc-perl libreadline-ruby1.8 libruby1.8 mysql-client-5.1 mysql-common mysql-server-5.1 rdoc1.8 ri1.8 ruby1.8 irb libopenssl-ruby libopenssl-ruby1.8 libhtml-template-perl mysql-server-core-5.1 libmysqlclient16 libreadline5 psmisc 

or a PostgreSql co-installation

sudo apt-get install ruby ri rdoc ruby1.8-dev irb1.8 libdbi-perl  libnet-daemon-perl libplrpc-perl libreadline-ruby1.8 libruby1.8 rdoc1.8 ri1.8 ruby1.8 irb libopenssl-ruby libopenssl-ruby1.8 libhtml-template-perl libreadline5 psmisc postgresql-8.3 postgresql-8.3-plruby libpq-dev

Of course after the database stuff is installed you should go and setup your database management system, i. e. setup your admin access, your roles, databases and secure the general access to your database system.

Now check if the installation also included the non-versioned symlinks to the executable files. Type:

ruby -v

and if your system does not respond with something like

ruby 1.8.7 (2010-01-10 patchlevel 249) [i686-linux]

then you can set the symlinks yourself using:

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ruby1.8 /usr/local/bin/ruby
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rdoc1.8 /usr/local/bin/rdoc
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ri1.8 /usr/local/bin/ri
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/irb1.8 /usr/local/bin/irb

where you might have to change the version identifiers in accordance to the ruby version you use.


II. Install GEMS

Check http://rubyforge.org/ for the latest version of "rubygems". Then you can install that using

wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/<check online for latest version...>
tar -xvzf rubygems-.tgz
cd rubygems-
sudo ruby setup.rb

For gem too we want to check if the symlink exists

gem -v

and gem usually just returns the version info, e. g.

1.3.5

If it does not, just create the symlink for gem like you might have done before for ruby & co.

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gem1.8 /usr/local/bin/gem

 III: Install Rails

Should be easy and not cause any trouble:

sudo gem install rails

At this point you can continue to install all gems you might be interested in. Some gems I usually install because I just like to have them for form building and database connectivitym, are:

• formtastic,  justinfrench-formtastic => great form builder
• sqlite3 => for developping local apps
• RedCloth => for Wiki-like text formatting support (*xxx* => xxx)
• ruby-oci8 => connect to Oracle Databases using OCI8
• activerecord-oracle_enhanced-adapter => activerecord plugin to connect to Oracle Database
• ruby-pg => connect to postgres databases and/or
• mysql-ruby => connect to mysql databases

At this point you can stop working this howto, in case you only want to develop on your machine. 

But if you want to install deployment too... even if only for deployment testing... here is how you may go on:

IV. Install Phusion Passenger to deploy apps to production

 Agreed, there are many ways to do the "deployment"-part of RoR applications right. Personally, I develop not only in Ruby, I also work occasionally on several C/C++, Java and PHP projects. Because most of the projects I participate in use Mercurial RCS, I got very fond of that lovely tool and therefore here I want to explain what I do to develop and safe my applications using the Mercurial RCS to take care of my code versioning and having Phusion Passenger to collaborate with Apache to deploy my applications "on the fly" when I update my versioning repositories.

So to get passenger up and running for production, i first install some background stuff to avoid later dependency troubles:

sudo apt-get install libc6 libpcre3 libpcre3-dev libpcrecpp0 libssl0.9.8 libssl-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev lsb-base

 and then we install the passenger gem

sudo gem install passenger

At this point you could call the installation script for passenger (see next step), but on a default ubuntu installation it will probably fail because of a few missing dependencies.Trying does not really hurt, because the installation script will tell you what is missing and name the packages you have to install first. Or you can just do the following install to preempt this problem:

sudo apt-get install apache2-prefork-dev libapr1-dev libaprutil1-dev

Now we call the passenger installation script:

sudo passenger-install-apache2-module

V. Configure Phusion Passenger <-> Apache Collaboration

We can easily configure Apache to use the passenger module for ruby applications. To do so just (be aware that you might install the software with other versions, so be sure to adapt the version identifiers for your apache configuration)

sudo echo 'LoadModule passenger_module /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.9/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so' >> /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.load
sudo echo 'PassengerRoot /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.9' >> /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.conf
sudo echo 'PassengerRuby /usr/bin/passenger_ruby_wrapper' >> /etc/apache2/mods-available/passenger.conf

And with that last command here you might think "Huh! What is this wrapper stuff doing there ?!?!". It is a pretty common technique to wrap the actual ruby command by a wrapper shell-script in order to load/set environment variables for the passenger configuration to start, because passenger does not access your systems environment variables. The wrapper script would look like

#!/bin/sh
#Add your environment variables before the exec line, e.g.
#export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_*_*
#export NLS_LANG=GERMAN_GERMANY.UTF8
#both of which are pretty useful when you want your app to talk to an oracle database
exec "/usr/bin/ruby" "$@"

Now you can enable the plugin by

sudo a2enmod passenger

and restarting your apache2 installation by

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

VI. Deploy your Rails applications

My way to do this on a machine is to create a new user... like 'rails', then I set this users password to something pretty fuzzy, followed by copying my default users public ssh-key to the new users .ssh/authorized_keys... Well thats my way of beeing lazy. I agree I would not actually need to do this as I could do all further commands using sudo... but in my next article I will write about deployment on a remote machine and then this procedure comes in very handy.

So to get our applications up and running, I create a 2 new directories in that users home directory.

mkdir /home/rails/sources

which is the directory where I put copies of my rails application directories, and

mkdir /home/rails/apps

in which I create symlinks that point to the 'public' directory of the according application directory in the sources tree.

So lets say I developed an application called 'moviemng'. To get it deployed, I would

sudo cp -r moviemng /home/rails/sources
sudo ln -s /home/rails/sources/moviemng/public /home/rails/apps/moviemng

No more configuration needed. Just add the symlink to the apache vhost configuration (as described in the following section).


VII. Create one apache VHost for all your rails-apps

One nice thing about passenger is, that you can have multiple apps accessible by one vhost. That of course would also leave you with the option to create multiple vhosts with one app or even a collection of apps each...

A passenger vhost would have the following content (again I use my way, i. e. user rails deploys the production environment in his home directory)

<VirtualHost *:80>

  ServerName www.yourhost.com

  DocumentRoot /home/rails/apps

  # Name the symlinks from the
  # DocumentRoots point of view
  # to your apps here
  RailsBaseURI /moviemng

  <Directory /home/rails/apps>

    # v-- relax Apache security settings
    AllowOverride all

    # v-- MultiViews must be turned off
    Options -MultiViews

  </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

So to add another application 'testapp', of which you have dropped its directory in the '/home/rails/sources' directory and for which you have created a new symlink 'testapp' in '/home/rails/apps' pointing to '/home/rails/sources/testapp/public' you just have to add another

RailsBaseURI /testapp

and restart your apache

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

VIII. Conclusion:


From this point on you should have fun working on your rails app while also beeing able to (maybe temporarily, maybe not) deploy your apps locally.
This deployment technique also works for remote servers. I will write another howto soon that will cover whats needed to know for that.



IX. Sources

 http://www.hackido.com/2009/11/install-ruby-on-rails-on-ubuntu-karmic.html

acually the base source for this article. 'Hackido' has a good collection of lovely howtos for many different things, among which you will find not only ruby, rails and ubuntu information but also mobile stuff and other linux related howtos

http://dague.net/2008/05/19/perfect-rails-development-deployment-environment-with-mercurial-and-passenger/

this article from Sean had great influence in my final decision to do the whole deployment-stuff with mercurial and phusion passenger. His tag cloud covers a lot of topic of which there for sure are several that might be interesting for the average coding or just purely funhaving internet surfer. I will soon dedicate an article where I will describe this post of Seans set up in my environment.

http://www.modrails.com/

where Phusion Passenger comes from, good documentation

http://ubuntuforums.org/

always a great place to start collecting ideas to get your problems solved